Mycenean Athens in 1600–1100 BC could have reached the size of Tiryns; that would put the population at the range of 10,000 – 15,000.[67] During the Greek Dark Ages the population of Athens was around 4,000 people. In 700 BC the population grew to 10,000. In 500 BC the area probably contained 200,000 people. During the classical period the city's population is estimated from 150,000 – 350,000 and up to 610,000 according to Thucydides. When Demetrius of Phalerum conducted a population census in 317 BC the population was 21,000 free citizens, plus 10,000 resident aliens and 400,000 slaves. This suggests a total population of 431,000.[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76]
The municipality of Athens has an official population of 664,046 people.[1] The four regional units that make up what is referred to as Greater Athens have a combined population of 2,640,701. They together with the regional unit of Piraeus (Greater Piraeus) make up the dense Athens Urban Area which reaches a total population of 3,090,508 inhabitants (in 2011).[18] As Eurostat the FUA of Athens had in 2013 3,828,434 inhabitants, being apparently decreasing compared with the pre-economic crisis date of 2009 (4,164,175)[19]
The ancient site of Athens is centred on the rocky hill of the acropolis. In ancient times the port of Piraeus was a separate city, but it has now been absorbed into the Athens Urban Area. The rapid expansion of the city, which continues to this day, was initiated in the 1950s and 1960s, because of Greece's transition from an agricultural to an industrial nation.[77] The expansion is now particularly toward the East and North East (a tendency greatly related to the new Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport and the Attiki Odos, the freeway that cuts across Attica). By this process Athens has engulfed many former suburbs and villages in Attica, and continues to do so. The table below shows the historical population of Athens in recent times.
| Year | City population | Urban population | Metro population | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1833 | 4,000[78] | – | – | |||
| 1870 | 44,500[78] | – | – | |||
| 1896 | 123,000[78] | – | – | |||
| 1921 (Pre-Population exchange) | 473,000[27] | – | – | |||
| 1921 (Post-Population exchange) | 718,000[78] | – | – | |||
| 1971 | 867,023 | - | 2,540,241 | [79] | – | – |
| 1981 | 885,737 | – | 3,369,443 | |||
| 1991 | 772,072 | 3,444,358 | 3,523,407 | [80] | ||
| 2001 | 745,514[81] | 3,165,823[81] | 3,761,810[81] | |||
| 2011 | 664,046 | 3,090,508 | 3,753,783[18] |
Details[edit]
The large City Centre of the Greek capital falls directly within the municipality of Athens, which is the largest in population size in Greece. Piraeus also forms a significant city centre on its own, within the Athens Urban Area and being the second largest in population size within it, with Peristeri and Kallithea following.
The Athens Urban Area today consists of 40 municipalities, 35 of which make up what is referred to as the Greater Athens municipalities, located within 4 regional units (North Athens, West Athens, Central Athens, South Athens); and a further 5, which make up the Greater Piraeus municipalities, located within the regional unit of Piraeus as mentioned above. The densely built up urban area of the Greek capital sprawls across 412 km2 (159 sq mi)[17] throughout the Attica Basin and has a total population of 3,074,160 (in 2011).
The Athens Metropolitan Area spans 2,928.717 km2 (1,131 sq mi) within the Attica region and includes a total of 58 municipalities, which are organized in 7 regional units (those outlined above, along with East Attica and West Attica), having reached a population of 3,737,550 based on the preliminary results of the 2011 census. Athens and Piraeus municipalities serve as the two metropolitan centres of the Athens Metropolitan Area.[82] There are also some inter-municipal centres serving specific areas. For example, Kifissiaand Glyfada serve as inter-municipal centres for northern and southern suburbs respectively.
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